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qualcuno mi potrebbe fare e spiegare la parte "elaboration of the results" di questo report?
Laura
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of hydrocarbon mixtures using gas
chromatography
Technique: Gas Chromatography
Purpose of exercise: Qualitative analysis will be performed on the basis of measurements of the
total retention times of the individual substances. In the first stage of exercise
retention times of reference substances will be measured, then sample of unknown
composition.
Quantitative analysis should be carried out for selected hydrocarbons doing
injections for different volumes of reference and determination of unknown
amounts of hydrocarbons in the samples.
Chemicals
• Selected hydrocarbons: cyclohexene, n-heptane, isooctane, toluene, o-xylene, n-dekane
• Diethyl ether
Equipment
• Gas chromatograph Shimadzu GC-2025,
• Syringes,
• Measuring flasks, vol. 10 ml, 7 pcs.
1. Qualitative analysis. To each 10 ml flask, add 3 ml of diethyl ether and 5 different reference
substance with 50 μl syringe. To last flask with 3 ml of diethyl ether the unknown number of
different hydrocarbons will be added by a teacher. Then, 5 μl of every sample will be analyzed
using gas chromatographer.
Quantitative analysis. For one of the selected hydrocarbon additional solutions containing 10, 20,
30, 40 and 50 μl of this compound should be performed (the absolute calibration method). It is
important that prior to the injection syringe must be washed several times with solvent.
2. First, open the valves of each bottle containing air, helium and hydrogen. Then, set the
temperature of the sample injector to 155 °C and the detector at 175 °C. The temperature of the
column should be programmed from 35 to 155 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min. The first step is to inject
(5 μl) standard substances while pressing START on the chromatogram. Upon completion of the
analysis of reference substances injection performed a mixture of hydrocarbons (unknown
sample) issued by a teacher. Analysis must be performed within 12 minutes. Upon completion of
the analysis, set the column, the sample injector and the detector at 30 °C, wait to cool down and
turn off the gas chromatograph. Then close the valves of each gas bottle.
Elaboration of the results:
1. On the basis of the retention times the composition of the mixture of hydrocarbons in unknown
sample should be identified.
2. On the basis of different volumes of injected hydrocarbons and comparison of the surface area
of the peaks of individual hydrocarbon, the quantitative analysis of the sample should be done
using absolute calibration method
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Laura
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