What is the IPv6 protocol?

IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol, designed to replace IPv4. Its primary function is to provide a vastly larger address space (128-bit addresses vs. IPv4's 32-bit), allowing for more unique IP addresses to accommodate the growing number of devices online. It also improves network efficiency, security (mandatory IPsec support), and simplifies routing. IPv6 is considered "better" than IPv4 in terms of scalability and security, but IPv4 is still widely used globally due to compatibility issues.