Impara inglese con le scienze: esercizi per lezioni di inglese

Letuelezioni

Questo esercizio è consigliato per lezioni di inglese di livello B2 (e superiore).

Completa gli spazi vuoti scegliendo le parole fornite di seguito:

HEADACHE, OPIOIDS, REWARD SYSTEM, TO TARGET, SYMPTOMS, RESEARCHERS, BLOODSTREAM, ADMINISTRATION, ADDICTION, COMPROMISED, ADVANTAGEOUS, TO SELF-ADMINISTER.

Recently, many people have heard of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). These drugs were used to minimise the risk of hospitalisation of COVID patients whose immune system had already been______.

Why could it be_______  to find a drug that replaces opioids in the treatment of chronic pain?

Opioids can cause _______and dependency. The first refers to someone’s inability to control the use of opioid even when they experience harmful effects while the second refers to the person’s gradual tolerance to a specific opioid which results in its frequent__________ and avoid experiencing withdrawal symptoms.

The purpose of monoclonal antibodies is _______ specific ion channels on the surface of nerve cells and prevents the transmission of chronic pain across the neural pathway.

If monoclonal antibodies worked for chronic pain, they could replace _____, a class of drugs, that lose their effectiveness when used for long periods and its users incur the risk of developing addiction.

Pratica il tuo inglese

Not only monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) do not target areas of the brain related to the ____________ but they are more selective drugs that results in fewer side effects.

In addition, mAbs stay in the body for a longer period compared to opioids; on average, they can be found in the __________ for over a month before excretion through micturition. Apart from fewer administration of mAbs, the latter can also be ____________ from home improving the quality of chronic pain sufferers.

The FDA already approved four mAbs for the treatment of chronic migraine . This kind of mAbs belongs to a category called anti-calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs) which block peptides responsible for the inflammatory pathway commonly seen in a ________.

Unfortunately, effectiveness of anti-CGRPs have been partially effective and it could not be considered a cure.

Similarly,  in an international study another class of mAbs called tanezumab, which interferes with a protein known as nerve growth factor, elevated pain inflammation were effective in 50 percent of subjects and resulted in the amelioration of _______only on the 16th week. Another factor that further defies tanezumab’s reputation is the occurrence of premature osteoarthritis as a side effect in 2. 6 percent of subjects.

Nevertheless, this evidence does not deter researchers from continuing the study of mAbs. The advantage of these target-selective drugs is that if one target does not work, ________ can focus on other targets which could lead to more promising results.

Bibliografia: Colino, S. (2023) Could this be the solution to chronic pain and opioids crisis?  National Geographic. Washington D.C.: National Geographic. 

Ti è piaciuto? Condividilo
Usa il nostro Strumento di Ricerca Intelligente
© 2007 - 2024 Letuelezioni.it è un membro della famiglia GoStudent Mappa del sito: Insegnanti privati